Clusters of nerve cells in the brainstem, known as nuclei, are responsible for regulating and processing essential bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, pain and blood pressure.

Gut hormones acting via vagal afferents act on the NTS in the brainstem, which in turn signals to the hypothalamus. Some gut hormones may also act directly on hypothalamic nuclei via the ...

Clusters of nerve cells in the brainstem, known as nuclei, are responsible for regulating and processing essential bodily functions such as breathing, heart rate, pain and blood pressure.

Topics to be covered How vagus nerve reflexes establish homeostasis in the innate immune system How the link between brainstem nuclei signals and vagus nerve fibers inhibits cytokine storm How ...

Functionally diverse and important GABAergic neurons are located in the brainstem, both within and outside the dopaminergic and serotonergic nuclei. However, the spectrum of the GABAergic neuron ...