Built as Byzantium, and then renamed Constantinople, Istanbul officially received its present name on this day in 1930.

Many factors contributed to the survival of the Byzantine Empire. It had a good infrastructure system that funneled agricultural supplies, and it had a good infrastructure system that funneled these ...

maps, stemma, chron., appends ... dismemberment of the provinces in 1204 must have caused long-term damage. Even though Constantinople was recaptured in 1261, Byzantium as reconstituted was smaller ...