The most significant change since those 1970's experiments were conducted was the discovery of high levels of perchlorate on Mars. Perchlorate, plus abiotic oxidants, explains the Viking results ...

v=hxHw5MzsDok After landing on Mars, Viking 1 and Viking 2, executed four experiments ... A small amount of Martian soil was scooped up by the lander and placed into a chamber.

In the 1970s, NASA’s Mariner 9 and Viking 2 were the first missions to spy features that suggested the presence of an ancient ocean on Mars. Utopia Planitia dates to the Hesperian Period ...

Photograph of frosted terrain on Utopia Planitia, taken by the Viking 2 lander in 1979. Credit: NASA/JPL Discover the latest in science, tech, and space with over 100,000 subscribers who rely on ...

Fast forward to today, a new paper tackles and reconsiders the results of the Viking Biology experiments. "The discovery of perchlorate on Mars by the Phoenix mission has provided a basis for ...