Israel continued its intense airstrike campaign across Lebanon, which included several strikes in Beirut's southern suburbs and in the center of the city.

After days of attacks there, Israel carried out further strikes in Lebanon and said it was sending more troops to fight Hezbollah. It also struck in Gaza to destroy a rocket launcher that Hamas used to target Tel Aviv. Share full article Explosions in a neighborhood and Hezbollah stronghold south of Beirut in the early hours of Monday. EFE/EPA via AP Smoke rising over the Dahiya suburbs south of Beirut. An Israeli airstrike hit the village of Khiam, in southern Lebanon, near the border with Israel. -/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images An Israeli police officer inspecting the damage to a residential building in Haifa, Israel, after a rocket was fired from Lebanon. Rami Shlush/Reuters A flight departing from Beirut International Airport in Lebanon on Sunday. Diego Ibarra Sanchez for The New York Times Israeli airstrikes in Beirut's southern suburbs on Sunday. Matthew Mpoke Bigg Liam Stack and Natan Odenheimer Israel’s military kept up its strikes on two fronts on Monday, with an intense barrage on southern Lebanon and a retaliatory attack targeting Hamas in southern Gaza, a sign of how significantly the fighting has spread in the year since Hamas’s cross-border assault. As Israelis commemorated the Hamas-led Oct. 7 attack that sparked Israel’s war in Gaza, Hamas targeted what it called “the depths of the occupation” in Tel Aviv with a rare rocket attack that left little damage. Hours later, Israel responded with what it said was an attack on the rocket launcher that had fired the projectiles. At the same time, Israel said it was conducting “extensive” strikes on Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon and the Dahiya, the densely packed cluster of neighborhoods adjoining Beirut. The skyline in Beirut has been thick with smoke after days of bombardment. Israel said that it had sent more troops to Lebanon to join the invasion it launched last week to fight Hezbollah, and called on more residents in the country’s south to evacuate. The Israeli deployments and bombardments show how the fighting has broadened a year after the attack on Israel, in which around 1,200 people were killed and more than 250 others were taken hostage. In addition to its invasions of Lebanon and Gaza — where more than 40,000 people have been killed — Israel has also conducted airstrikes against the Houthi militia in Yemen in recent days, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed to retaliate against Iran for its missile and drone attack on his country last Tuesday. Hezbollah, which like Hamas and the Houthis is backed by Iran, began firing missiles and rockets across Israel’s northern border roughly a year ago in support of Hamas. But Israel expanded its campaign against Hezbollah last month with a wave of bombardments and assassinations, and started a ground invasion last week targeting Hezbollah positions in southern Lebanon. At least 2,083 people have now been killed in Lebanon and nearly 10,000 wounded since the war began last October, according to Lebanon’s ministry of health, most of those over the last three weeks. Israel also called on residents of large parts of northern Gaza to evacuate. It says that Hamas’s main fighting units in the enclave have largely been destroyed, but it has continued its operations, seeking to eradicate any threat posed by the group and prevent it from reconstituting its forces. Here’s what else to know: Oct. 7 anniversary: Israelis are gathering to commemorate those killed and abducted a year ago, as Palestinians in Gaza continue to endure a war that has killed tens of thousands of people. Read our live coverage of the anniversary of the attack. U.N. peacekeepers: The Israeli military established new positions beside a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Lebanon during its invasion of the country’s southern region last week, according to two U.N. spokesmen and satellite imagery obtained by The New York Times. The U.N. said the Israeli move was putting its peacekeepers in the crossfire. Gaza evacuations: The Israeli military appeared to label the vast majority of northern Gaza an evacuation zone on Sunday, hours after launching a major raid there targeting Hamas. The announcement suggested that Israel planned to step up pressure on residents of northern Gaza to relocate. The Israeli military said that a surface-to-surface missile had been fired from Yemen minutes after air raid sirens blared across central Israel. The Houthis, an Iranian-backed group in Yemen, have recently fired several missiles at Israel in solidarity with Hamas in Gaza. Air raid sirens blared across the Tel Aviv area for the second time on Monday as Israeli marked a year since the Hamas-led Oct. 7 attacks. The sirens warn of incoming rocket or drone fire. Lebanon’s state-run news agency has reported intense Israeli strikes in southwestern Lebanon, where the Israeli military issued new evacuation warnings for over two dozen towns and villages on Monday. The Israeli military said an hour ago that it was conducting “extensive” strikes against Hezbollah targets. An airstrike also just hit Dahiya, the densely packed cluster of neighborhoods adjoining Beirut. The skyline is thick with acrid smoke from the repeated waves of bombardment in recent days. This morning, Palestinian militants had launched rockets at Israel from Bani Suhaila, an area in Khan Younis. Hours later, while I was conducting interviews in the area, an airstrike hit about 300 yards from where I was standing. At least 2,083 people have now been killed in Lebanon and nearly 10,000 wounded since the war began last October, according to Lebanon’s ministry of health. Most of the deaths and injuries have occurred over the last three weeks, when Israel ramped up its offensive against Hezbollah. A total of 22 people were killed and over a hundred wounded by Israeli strikes in Lebanon on Sunday, the ministry said. Lebanon’s health ministry, Firass Abiad, has previously said that the number of dead and injured is likely an undercount, since it is only based on casualties reported by hospitals. Israel’s military said its fighter jets struck rocket launchers that had fired at Israel from the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis on Monday. “During the strike, secondary explosions were identified, indicating the presence of weapons,” a military spokesman said. There was no independent confirmation of the claim. The military also said that it had struck a launcher from which projectiles were fired toward Israel from northern Gaza. The military did not say whether the projectiles landed in Israel. The Israeli military announced that it was launching “extensive strikes” on sites affiliated with Hezbollah in Lebanon. Israeli airstrikes have battered the country in an intense wave of bombardments over the past couple of weeks, killing more than 1,000, according to a toll provided by the Lebanese health ministry. The figures do not distinguish between civilians and combatants. An overnight Israeli strike on a fire station in Baraachit in southern Lebanon killed at least 10 firefighters who were preparing to go out on duty, according to Lebanon’s ministry of health. The ministry called the attack a “war crime.” The Israeli military announced that two soldiers had died in the past day. Both were from the military’s mobility unit, specializing in transporting infantry forces from one location to another. Al Mayadeen and Al Akhbar, two Lebanese media outlets with a pro-Hezbollah slant, said on Monday that they had undergone a cyberattack. Their websites were down, and the Telegram channel of Al Mayadeen had been hacked to display a pinned cartoon of Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, in a sinking boat that read: “We are coming for you with iron swords, for Hezbollah are the losers.” Al Mayadeen said in a statement that it was trying to quicky resolve the issue. Entire cities in southern Lebanon have been depopulated amid the Israeli invasion. The World Food Program said most residents of the southern coastal city of Tyre — once home to 200,000 people — had now been displaced. The U.N. estimates that a total of 1.2 million people across Lebanon have been forced from their homes, or more than 20 percent of the population. The Israeli military has called on Palestinians to evacuate wide swaths of the northern Gaza Strip, a day after it appeared to label the vast majority of the north as an evacuation zone. “For your safety, you must evacuate these areas immediately,” the military said. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are believed to be living in northern Gaza, and Israel has not allowed displaced people in other parts of Gaza to return there. The Israeli military told the residents of more than two dozen towns and villages in southern Lebanon to “immediately evacuate” their homes and head north. The statement by the military’s Arabic-speaking spokesman, Avichay Adraee, was the latest in a wave of evacuation warnings by the Israeli military in southern Lebanon in recent days. Jordan’s foreign minister, Ayman Safadi, has arrived in Beirut where he will meet with Lebanese officials. Speaking to reporters, he said Israel’s offensive in Lebanon was pushing the Middle East into the “abyss of full-scale regional war,” according to Lebanon’s state-run news agency. Defense Minister Yoav Gallant of Israel and Defense Secretary Lloyd J. Austin III will meet on Wednesday at the Pentagon to discuss “ongoing Middle East security developments,” Maj. Gen. Patrick Ryder, the Pentagon press secretary, said on X. Gallant and Austin have spoken frequently on the phone as the war between Israel and Hamas has evolved into a wider regional conflict. The announcement of the meeting comes as the world awaits an expected Israeli attack on Iran in retaliation for a barrage of Iranian missiles fired at Israel last week. The Israel military appears to be expanding its operation in Lebanon, adding three reserve brigades to the effort. A military spokesperson said that the brigades have begun targeted, localized operations in southern Lebanon but declined to specify whether these operations are in areas where the army is already present or in new parts of Lebanon. Relatives and friends of victims of the Oct. 7 attacks gathered at the site of the Nova music festival on the morning of the anniversary.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York Times A year has passed in Israel and Gaza like some nightmare from which there is no awakening. Hatred is the only winner. It towers over the corpse of a two-state Israeli-Palestinian peace and threatens to spread across the Middle East. “Bring them home now” say ubiquitous posters in Israel, alluding to the roughly 100 hostages, many dead, still held by Hamas. Gaza lies in ruins as Israel exacts a terrible price in Palestinian life for the Oct. 7 Hamas terrorist attack that killed more than 1,200 Israelis, and summoned in Jews every devouring specter of the Holocaust. War spreads to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, to Lebanon and to Iran, defying the futile peacemaking efforts of a rudderless world. Israel’s Ben Gurion Airport stands almost empty, symbol of a lonelier Jewish state that is excoriated in many places amid calls to “globalize the intifada.” Protesters in New York chant “the state of Israel has to go.” The health authorities in Gaza announce that Israel has killed 41,788 Palestinians in the past year. Numbers tend to numb, but they promise another cycle of retribution in due course. As after the Sept. 11 attacks two decades ago, the world has changed, people have changed, language itself has changed, becoming more treacherous. The tribal has triumphed over reason in a sea of mutual incomprehension and recrimination. Once the David of Middle Eastern conflict, Israel is now the increasingly vilified Goliath, even as it sees itself in a struggle for survival that it did not initiate. “We are a different society, a different country. Just look at the traumatized faces of people,” said Nirit Lavie Alon, an Israeli teacher at the Technion university in Haifa. “I gave up on peace, completely. Really, we are very desperate.” Doaa Kaware, a housewife and mother of four in the Gazan city of Khan Younis, said: “This was a year that killed our hearts and souls before it destroyed the buildings, hospitals, schools and streets. In this war we feel someone pushed us down into a deep, dark and awful well.” Israeli and Palestinian narratives have always seemed irreconcilable, but over the past year they have diverged with a new intensity. For Israel, the Oct. 7 Hamas attack was its 9/11, with the enemy not across the world in Afghanistan but right next door. The country, shaken and disoriented by the catastrophe, shamed by its failure to foresee it, was near unanimous in the conviction that it must extirpate Hamas from Gaza, at any price. Much of the world understood Israel’s reaction, at least for a moment. But quickly a Palestinian narrative of Israeli “genocide” in Gaza gained traction, backed by wholesale destruction and killing in the rubble of collapsed buildings. The catastrophe, then, was not Israel’s, but that of the Palestinian people, systematically oppressed, in this telling, by a ruthless Israel intent for decades on dispossessing them. The issue, in a striking transference, was no longer Oct. 7; it was the Israeli retaliation. Image Palestinians wounded in an Israeli strike in the central Gaza Strip last October. Credit...Samar Abu Elouf for The New York Times Now, with the widening of the war to Lebanon and even Iran, the catastrophe is broader and murkier, the narrative even more confused, as the suffering spreads. Iran and its Shiite proxy forces are no longer facing off with Israel; they are at war with it. Hamas is only part of the story now. But by no means does all of Lebanon or Iran want to die for the Palestinian cause. Much has changed and much has not. The war, detonated a year ago by Hamas rockets in the dawn fired from Gaza, is new in its frenzied intensity, its yearlong duration and its expansion to include Iran directly, but not in its essential nature. As the author I. F. Stone noted in 1967, just after the third Arab-Israeli war in 19 years and the Israeli conquest of the West Bank, the “struggle of two different peoples for the same strip of land” is marked by an “ethnocentric fury” to which “the Bible is still the best guide.” Writing in The New York Review of Books, he noted that both sides believe that “only force can assure justice.” He continued: “If God as some now say is dead, He no doubt died of trying to find an equitable solution to the Arab-Jewish problem.” Almost six decades have gone by since those words were written, not without glimpses of possible peace, to which the 1995 assassination by a nationalist Israeli zealot of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin sounded the death knell. Image Israel protesters calling for a deal for the release of hostages blocking a road in September. Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York Times But the cycle of destruction has never been broken, and the conflict that erupted with the founding of the modern state of Israel in 1948 is now well on the way to becoming the Hundred Years’ War of our times. No other war has such power to lacerate nations, communities, families and even the conscience of a single individual. Perhaps the “situation,” as it is sometimes wearily called, has never seemed so far from resolution. Long dormant, the idea of a two-state peace resurfaced in Washington and other capitals in the wake of the Hamas attack, like some forgotten memento found in an attic trunk. It re-emerged just when it had become least conceivable. Peace demands trust; there is virtually none today between Israelis and Palestinians. Image The southern suburbs of Beirut on Sunday after multiple Israeli airstrikes.Credit...Diego Ibarra Sanchez for The New York Times Returning to Israel a year on, I have the feeling of a country frozen. “There is not a single hour on TV when the Hamas massacre is not mentioned, with discussion from every angle and video clips of the horror,” said Alex Levac, a photographer. “Israel lives in the trauma of Oct. 7.” The current round of fighting has been different in some ways, and not only in its feverish register. It has demonstrated the limited reach of American diplomacy, once decisive but now ineffective and increasingly attacked for its ironclad military support of Israel, even as thousands of Palestinian children have been killed in Gaza. The war has seen another significant shift: the broad embrace of the Palestinian cause as an extension of movements for racial and social justice in the United States. It has also been adopted by the Global Majority, sometimes known as the Global South, as an expression of the battle of Indigenous peoples — read Palestinians — against white colonial oppressors and interlopers. Image Palestinians amid the destruction in Khan Younis, in southern Gaza, in July.Credit...Hatem Khaled/Reuters This has changed the equation for Israel and for Jews who feel more vulnerable, more entrenched in their identity, and more confronted by antisemitism than at any time since World War II. “We Jews are traumatized and, consciously or unconsciously, we think that if Israel is not a shelter, what becomes of us?” Yedidia Levy-Zauberman, a French businessman, told me. Across the world, from the Americas to Africa, the quest to create a state of Palestine supplanting Israel has become the North Star of many young people. Israeli “colonialism” is increasingly shorthand for the Zionist project of establishing a homeland for the Jewish people after their millennial persecution, rather than for Israel’s post-1967 colonial settlement of the occupied West Bank. Not all the protesters think this way, of course. They are appalled by Israel’s conduct of the war but do not dispute its right to exist. As with past protest movements against the Vietnam War or Apartheid South Africa — but unlike the seemingly numbing wars in Syria or in Ukraine or in Sudan — this is now the passionate cause of a generation, the emblem of their idealism. Image Protesters in New York calling for a halt to Israeli military actions in Gaza, the West Bank and Lebanon in September. Credit...Jonah Markowitz for The New York Times It focuses on the forced displacement of some 750,000 Palestinians at Israel’s birth and the high death toll in Gaza today. It tends not to acknowledge that Israel is a multiracial society born through U.N. Resolution 181 of 1947 and peopled not by colonial forces but by persecuted Holocaust survivors and other refugees, often from Arab states that evicted them, with no motherland to return to. As for the Oct. 7 Hamas attack, it has generally been relegated to a subordinate clause. “I’d been hearing warnings of antisemitism on the left, but the militancy of the antisemitism of student groups has been shocking,” said Ruth Franklin, an adjunct associate professor of writing at Columbia University and the author of the forthcoming “The Many Lives of Anne Frank.” “When you hear ‘Burn Tel Aviv to the ground,’ as I have with my own ears, the intent is pretty clear.” For others, it is Israel’s intent that is clear. In a speech in Athens last week, Omar van Reenen, the founder of Equal Namibia, an organization that has led the struggle for L.G.B.T.Q. rights in Namibia, declared that “our fight is intertwined with that of the Palestinian people” because their quest for self-determination echoes “our own histories of colonialism and struggle.” Democracy is illusory, he said, when “genocide is being perpetrated by states that brandish themselves as democracies in the Middle East.” So does a war over a small strip of land become global. Nakba vies with Holocaust. Everyone becomes a “Nazi”; demonization knows no bounds. Each side invokes “genocide.” The psychological chasm is now so deep that, with some exceptions, it renders Palestinians invisible as individuals to Israeli Jews, and vice versa. Earlier this year, as the National Holocaust Museum in the Netherlands opened almost 80 years after three-quarters of the Dutch Jewish population was killed in the Holocaust — the highest proportion in Western Europe — an angry crowd of pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered outside. “There is a holocaust in Gaza,” they yelled. As they did so, a 5-year-old Jewish girl named Sharai Penina Laibowitz, a great-granddaughter of one of the Jews shipped to Hitler’s death camps, walked past the protesters. In a photograph of the scene, a man thrusts toward her an image of a Palestinian father in Gaza cradling a dead baby. In this conflict, there is no peace for the dead or the living. A little Dutch girl and a Palestinian baby are thrown together into a vortex that promises further bloodshed. The United States and the world seem powerless to stop it. Image A building hit during Iran's missile attack on Israel last week. Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York Times Today, Israel is poised to strike back against Tehran in response to Iran’s firing of nearly 200 ballistic missiles at Israel last Tuesday, which in turn was a retaliation for Israel’s assassination in Lebanon of Hassan Nasrallah, the leader of Hezbollah, the potent army of Iran’s westward projection. Certainly, there were other possible courses for Mr. Netanyahu, including a cease-fire, a deal for the release of Israeli hostages in return for the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the possible breakthrough normalization of Israel’s relations with Saudi Arabia that President Biden pushed for many months. Image A protest in Tel Aviv against the Israeli government. The demonstrators called for the release of the hostages in Gaza.Credit...Sergey Ponomarev for The New York Times But ultimately Mr. Netanyahu has felt free to ignore American pressure without cost or consequence. His need to satisfy his far-right partners in government and his interest in prolonging the war to postpone a possible formal reprimand for the military and intelligence failures that allowed the Oct. 7 attack will almost certainly complicate any diplomatic efforts. Hamas, with the hostages as leverage and global support growing for Palestinians, has its own reasons to adopt a waiting game as the killing spreads. “This time sadness is beyond bearing,” Ms. Kaware, the Palestinian housewife said. “Nothing will ease this pain that will last forever.” As for Ms. Lavie Alon, the teacher, she struggles to survive. “We don’t have enough things to give us hope,” she said. Her younger son, Chen, 22, told her last week he will be out of touch for a while as he is about to deploy with Israeli forces in Lebanon. Her older son, Noam, 25, has gone to Germany to avoid the pain of the Oct. 7 anniversary. Noam’s great love, Inbar Haiman, 27, lived her last moments of freedom at the Tribe of Nova music festival, where Hamas killed 364 people on Oct. 7. A video captured her being dragged, bleeding from the face, into Gaza. Image Noam Alon’s girlfriend, Inbar Haiman, was taken hostage on Oct 7. The Israeli government says she is dead.Credit...Avishag Shaar-Yashuv for The New York Times When there was a hostage release last November, Ms. Lavie Alon and her son hoped that Ms. Haiman would be among those freed. But a month later, on Dec. 14, 2023, the Israeli army informed them that she was dead. Ms. Haiman’s corpse is still in Gaza. “We are struggling to bring her back,” Ms. Lavie Alon said. “We don’t have a grave. We cannot start to rebuild.” Nor can anyone in Gaza. The gyre inexorably turns. Bilal Shbair contributed reporting from the Gaza Strip. Israeli troops have set up near U.N. peacekeepers in Lebanon, satellite images show. The Israeli military established new positions beside a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Lebanon during its invasion of the country’s southern region last week, according to two U.N. spokesmen and satellite imagery obtained by The New York Times. Andrea Tenenti, a spokesman for the mission — commonly known by its acronym, UNIFIL — said the Israeli military had been firing at Hezbollah positions from those locations, putting the peacekeepers increasingly in the crossfire. Mr. Tenenti said the Israeli military had asked UNIFIL to relocate its personnel as it was invading southern Lebanon, but the U.N. mission declined to do so. “We were notified by the I.D.F. of a limited incursion,” he said, referring to the Israel Defense Forces. “We are still here, we have not moved.” Satellite images taken on Saturday by Planet Labs, a commercial satellite company, and obtained by The Times show around 20 Israeli military vehicles at three new positions established this week around the U.N. mission. The Times is withholding the imagery for security reasons. The pictures showed what appeared to be new berms constructed around the Israeli positions, one of which is approximately 60 yards from the U.N. base. A fourth Israeli position was set up a third of a mile from the U.N. base, the satellite images showed. The Israeli military presence near the base was first reported by the Irish national broadcaster, RTÉ. The base is manned by Irish and Polish peacekeeping troops. “This is a concern for the mission and is something that’s being discussed right now with the I.D.F. and at U.N. headquarters,” Mr. Tenenti said. “This is an extremely dangerous development,” said Nick Birnback, the spokesman in New York for the U.N.’s peacekeeping operations. “It is unacceptable to compromise the safety of U.N. peacekeepers carrying out their Security Council-mandated tasks.” On Friday, Mr. Birnback said, the United Nations had made a formal notification about its concerns to Israel’s permanent mission in New York. An Israeli military official who spoke on condition of anonymity given the sensitive military and political context confirmed the I.D.F.’s presence near the UNIFIL base. Asked why it established military positions beside the U.N. base and not further away, the official said it was because the position offered convenient roads and other infrastructure, and because Hezbollah was launching rockets from next to the peacekeeping base with impunity. “We understand that weapons are in the area,” Mr. Tenenti, the U.N. spokesman, said of nearby Hezbollah rocket sites. “But at this point we need to find viable solutions. Our priority is to go back to a cessation of hostilities. The conflict could stop if there is a commitment from both parties.” The Israeli military official said he did not know if the I.D.F. planned to move its position, but the goal was not to stay near the U.N. base indefinitely. Israel is conducting a multipronged invasion of southern Lebanon from two areas in northern Israel as it scales up attacks on Hezbollah in an effort to stop its cross-border rocket launches and enable the return of 60,000 Israelis to their homes in the north of Israel.

Israel and Hezbollah have traded fire across the Lebanon border almost daily since the day after Hamas' cross-border attack on Oct. 7, 2023.

Israel fired missiles on Beirut overnight and Hezbollah fired rockets on Haifa on the eve of the Oct. 7 attack's anniversary.