who had ruled since 1970 after seizing control in a coup against President Nureddin al-Atassi. Since 2011, Assad has waged a brutal civil war following a rebel uprising. Russia, a close ally of ...

His predecessor, Nureddin al-Atassi, was in jail for the next 23 years. A new constitution for Syria was adopted the following year, making the Baath party "head of state and society", and ...

after leading a coup against then-President Nureddin al-Atassi. He has conducted a brutal civil war since a rebel uprising in 2011. Damascus is now under the control of the rebel force, HTS (Hayyet ...